一、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)(工程結(jié)構(gòu))件制孔優(yōu)先采用鉆孔，當(dāng)證明某些材料質(zhì)量、厚度和孔徑(aperture)，沖孔后不會(huì)引起脆性時(shí)允許采用沖孔。鉆孔是在鉆床等機(jī)械上進(jìn)行，可以鉆任何厚度的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件（零件）。鉆孔的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是螺栓(組成:頭部和螺桿組成)孔孔壁損傷較小，質(zhì)量較好。

1、 Drilling is preferred for steel structure (engineering structure) parts. When it is proved that the quality, thickness and aperture of some materials will not cause brittleness after punching, punching is allowed. Drilling is carried out on the drilling machine and other machinery, which can drill steel structural members (parts) of any thickness. The advantage of drilling is that the wall damage of bolt (composed of head and screw) hole is less and the quality is better.

二、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)(工程結(jié)構(gòu))加工制造中，沖孔一般只用于沖制非圓孔及薄板(性質(zhì):寶石學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ))孔，沖孔的孔徑(aperture)一定大于板厚，厚度在5㎜以下的所有普通鋼結(jié)構(gòu)件允許沖孔，次要結(jié)構(gòu)厚度小于12㎜允許采用沖孔。在沖切孔上，不得隨后施焊（槽形），除非證明材料在沖切后，仍保留有相當(dāng)韌性，則可焊接施工。一般情況下在需要所沖的孔上再擴(kuò)孔時(shí)，則沖孔一定比指定的直徑小3㎜。

2、 In the processing and manufacturing of steel structure (engineering structure), punching is generally only used for punching non-circular holes and thin plate (property: Gem academic language). The aperture of punching must be greater than the plate thickness. Punching is allowed for all ordinary steel structures with thickness less than 5 mm, and punching is allowed for secondary structures with thickness less than 12 mm. On the punching hole, no subsequent welding (groove shape) is allowed unless it is proved that the material retains considerable toughness after punching. In general, when the hole needs to be punched is reamed again, the diameter of the punch must be 3 mm smaller than the specified diameter.

三、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)(工程結(jié)構(gòu))加工要求精度（度）較高時(shí)、板疊層數(shù)較多、同類孔較多時(shí)，可采用鉆模制孔或預(yù)鉆較小孔徑(aperture)、在組裝時(shí)擴(kuò)孔的方法，當(dāng)板疊小于5層時(shí)，預(yù)鉆小孔的直徑小于公稱直徑3㎜，當(dāng)板疊大于5層時(shí)，小于公稱直徑二級(jí)（6㎜）。

3、 When the steel structure (engineering structure) processing requires high precision (degree), more laminates and more holes of the same kind, the method of drilling mold holes or pre drilling smaller diameter (aperture) and reaming during assembly can be adopted. When the laminate stack is less than 5 layers, the diameter of pre drilled hole is less than 3 mm of the nominal diameter, and when the laminate stack is more than 5 layers, it is less than grade II of the nominal diameter (6 mm).

四、鉆孔時(shí)常用平鉆頭，鉆不透孔用尖鉆頭。當(dāng)板疊較厚，直徑較大，或材料強(qiáng)度（strength)較高時(shí)，則應(yīng)使用可以降低（reduce)切削力的群鉆鉆頭，便于排屑和減少鉆頭的磨損(零部件失效的一種基本類型)。

4、 Flat bit is often used in drilling, and pointed bit is used in drilling. When the stack is thick, the diameter is large, or the strength of the material is high, the group drill bits which can reduce the cutting force should be used to facilitate chip removal and reduce the wear of the drill bits (a basic type of component failure).

五、長(zhǎng)孔可用兩端鉆孔中間氧(Oxygen)割的辦法加工，但孔的長(zhǎng)度一定大于孔直徑的2倍。

5、 Long holes can be drilled at both ends and cut with oxygen in the middle, but the length of the hole must be more than twice the diameter of the hole.